Which instrument is characterized by a pair of drum heads attached to wooden shells and played in Latin American dance bands?

The correct answer is characterized by the instrument that features a pair of drum heads mounted on a wooden shell, widely used in Latin American dance music. The instrument you are looking for is the bongos. Bongos typically consist of two drums of differing sizes, one larger (the macho) and the other smaller (the hembra), which produces distinct sounds when struck.

Bongos are often played in pairs and are known for their rhythmic contribution to salsa and other Latin genres, supporting the danceable qualities that are essential in these musical styles. Their unique sound and the way they are played, usually between the knees while sitting, make them an essential component of many Latin music ensembles.

The other instruments listed serve different roles. Congas are larger, single-headed drums, while timbales feature metal shells and are often played with sticks, producing a sharper tone. Darbukas, on the other hand, are Middle Eastern drums with a completely different shape and sound.